A Rat Model of Frozen Shoulder Demonstrating the Effect of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization on Angiography, Histopathology, and Physical Activity

Purpose To assess the angiographic findings and effects of transcatheter arterial embolization on physical activity histopathology using a frozen shoulder rat model. Materials Methods First, histopathologic rats in which was immobilized with molding plaster for 6 weeks (n = 4) were compared to control normal non-immobilized shoulders 4). Next, total 16 divided into 2 groups. In group 8), imipenem/cilastatin injected left thoracoacromial artery. The changes before after procedures evaluated saline-injected 8). Histopathologic also between Results Angiography revealed abnormal staining all shoulder. On histopathology, numbers microvessels mononuclear inflammatory cells synovial membrane joint capsule significantly higher (both P .03). group, running distance speed improved (P .03 .01, respectively), whereas there no significant differences group. number lower than .002 .001, respectively). Conclusions model development neovascularization. Transcatheter decreased blood vessels increased moving rats.